Creative Bios

  It's  highly recognized that digitized healthcare technologies present numerous possibilities and opportunities for reducing human errors, improving clinical outcomes, tracking data over time, etc. Due to  the ability to analyze vast amounts of data quickly and in detail, artificial intelligence (AI) methods, from machine learning to deep learning, are taking on more and more crucial functions in numerous healthcare domains, especially in identifying the diagnosis of different types of diseases.   AI-Based Biomarker Detection   T hriving digitized healthcare technologies enable  researchers and technicians from University College Dublin to combine proteomics, the large-scale study of proteins, with data science and machine learning analytics, to deliver highly specific and  personalized diagnostic information for various diseases. Their strategies are based on the concept that personalized medicine is the general  trend of future healthcare whic...

  Antibodies (or immunoglobulins) are Y -shaped glycoproteins released by the immune system  to detect and bind to "foreign" substances , known as " antigens ", triggering a cascade of actions to destroy these foreign invaders. Scientists would develop different antibodies for research use, which basically can be classified into primary and secondary antibodies . However, how to choose the right type of antibodies for different immunoassays in experiment procedures, such as western blotting (WB), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and immunoprecipitation (IP), is one of the most common questions for green hands in the laboratory.   P rimary A ntibod y vs. Secondary Antibody   Antibodies could be categorized into two types based on the binding capability and experimental applications— primary   antibodies   and  secondary antibodies.   The main difference between these two types of antibodies is that primary antibody binds specifically to ...

  Antibod ies , a major component of adaptive immunity, play a critical role in protective and pathogenic immune responses. In r ecent years, a wide range of antibodies is discovered as candidates of cancer therapeutic agents, including the reconstructive molecules, bispecific antibodies (BsAbs).   About Bispecific Antibody   Bispecific antibodies, as its name indicates, consists of two antigen-binding sites, which can simultaneously bind two separate and unique antigens (or different epitopes of the same antigen). This structure is  typically designed to bind to two targets, one on a cancer cell and one on an immune cell, act ivating or redirecting immune effector cells with the goal of getting the immune cell to kill the cancer cell by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and other cytotoxic mechanisms.   U nique biological and pharmacological properties, ...

The  difference between antigens vs. haptens  is one the most concerning issues for people who are not familiar with them. As a matter of fact, antigens and haptens are similar in many ways. They are both molecules triggering immune responses and acting as antigenic agents. And they both work as immunogens and bind to antibodies although haptens in a different manner.   What distinguishes an antigen mostly from a hapten is that antigens are complete molecules spontaneously triggering immune response whereas haptens are fragmentary small molecules that are unable to elicit immune responses unless they are conjugated to a larger molecule, known as a carrier.   What are Antigens? Antigen s, including proteins, peptides, and polysaccharides, are immunogen   molecules  that can trigger immune response s or naturally bind to   immune   components . An antigen may have one or more epitopes, which are the determinants of recognition and binding to antibod...