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Macrophages as Biomarkers of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progression

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as its name indicated, is a condition caused by abnormal or excessive fat  buildup in   liver , which is not a result of heavy alcohol use. It has become a common chronic liver disease and is affecting up to 25% of people worldwide. Most people have no symptoms, and 2% to 5% of people will experience complications from the fat in their liver and a more serious condition named non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) due to liver inflammation and cell damage, which ultimately could develop into liver cirrhosis. Thus, early detection is important before some  irreversible results in the liver disease progression pose clinical and economic burdens.   Evidence shows that changes in immune cells in the liver are related to the development of NAFLD. And the presence of chronic low-grade inflammation characterized by immune cell activation, abnormal cytokine production, and increased acute phase proteins is a hallmark of NAFLD. ...

Progress Made Toward NASH Diagnosis and Drug Discovery

  A buildup of fat in the liver could  cause an aggressive type of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), called nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) which is   a  condition with liver inflammation and damage. M ost of the time, it causes no symptoms and no problems, while in some worse cases, the fat causes inflammation and damages liver cells, affecting the normal function of the liver or even leading  to cirrhosis. Though the second leading indication for liver transplantation in the United States, NASH has no FDA-approved treatments currently. This  is drawing concerns from all stakeholders, including patients and providers, for which experts cal l for a great deal of focus on understanding and addressing this important liver disease that impacts clinical outcomes and the quality of life.   Diagnosis of  NASH   Because NASH are asymptomatic until patients are identified at advanced stages, a liver biopsy remains the gold standard for ma...